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# MYP Platform - Raspberry Pi Performance-Optimierungen
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## Übersicht
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Diese Dokumentation beschreibt die umfassenden Performance-Optimierungen für die MYP Flask-Webapp, um eine optimale Leistung auf Raspberry Pi Hardware zu gewährleisten. Alle Optimierungen basieren auf bewährten Praktiken aus der Community und sind produktionsbereit.
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## System-Optimierungen
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### 1. Kernel- und System-Parameter (setup.sh)
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#### Kernel-Parameter (`/etc/sysctl.d/99-myp-performance.conf`)
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```bash
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# Memory Management
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vm.swappiness=10 # Reduzierte Swap-Nutzung
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vm.dirty_ratio=5 # Frühere Disk-Writes
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vm.dirty_background_ratio=2 # Hintergrund-Writes
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vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50 # Ausgewogenes Cache-Verhalten
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# CPU Scheduler
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kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns=5000000 # Reduzierte CPU-Migration
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kernel.sched_autogroup_enabled=0 # Deaktivierte Auto-Gruppierung
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# Filesystem (SD-Card optimiert)
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vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500 # Schnellere Daten-Expiration
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vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100 # Häufigere Writebacks
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```
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#### Service-Deaktivierung
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```bash
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# Unnötige Services deaktivieren
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sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service
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sudo systemctl disable cups.service
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sudo systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
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sudo systemctl disable ModemManager.service
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# Wenn Ethernet verwendet wird:
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sudo systemctl disable wpa_supplicant.service
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```
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#### tmpfs-Optimierung
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```bash
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# /etc/fstab
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/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nosuid,size=100M 0 0
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/var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nosuid,size=50M 0 0
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/var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,nosuid,size=50M 0 0
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```
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### 2. Boot-Konfiguration
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#### `/boot/config.txt`
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```bash
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# GPU Memory Split für bessere Browser-Performance
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gpu_mem=128
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# Disable Rainbow Splash für professionelles Erscheinungsbild
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disable_splash=1
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# HDMI Force Hotplug für bessere Display-Kompatibilität
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hdmi_force_hotplug=1
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# Disable Overscan für Kiosk-Displays
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disable_overscan=1
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# Audio über HDMI aktivieren
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hdmi_drive=2
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```
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#### `/boot/cmdline.txt`
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```bash
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# Console Blanking deaktivieren
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consoleblank=0
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# Logo deaktivieren für schnelleren Boot
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logo.nologo
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# Quiet Boot für saubere Kiosk-Erfahrung
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quiet
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```
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### 3. WLAN Power Management
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#### Systemd-Service
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```bash
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# /lib/systemd/system/disable-wifi-power-management.service
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[Unit]
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Description=Disable WiFi Power Management
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After=multi-user.target
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[Service]
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Type=oneshot
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ExecStart=/sbin/iwconfig wlan0 power off
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RemainAfterExit=yes
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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#### NetworkManager-Konfiguration
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```bash
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# /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf
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[connection]
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wifi.powersave = 2
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```
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## Application-Optimierungen
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### 1. Python/Flask-Optimierungen (app.py)
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#### Speicher-Management
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```python
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import gc
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import resource
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import sys
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# Garbage Collection optimiert
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gc.set_threshold(700, 10, 10)
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gc.collect()
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# Memory Limits (Unix-Systeme)
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try:
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resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_AS, (256 * 1024 * 1024, 256 * 1024 * 1024))
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except (ImportError, OSError):
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pass # Windows oder andere Systeme
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# Python-Optimierungen
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sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
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```
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#### Flask-Konfiguration
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```python
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app.config.update(
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SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT=31536000, # 1 Jahr Cache
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JSON_SORT_KEYS=False,
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JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR=False,
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TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD=False,
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SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY=True,
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SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True,
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SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE="Lax"
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)
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```
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#### User-Loader mit Caching
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```python
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from functools import lru_cache
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@login_manager.user_loader
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@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
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def load_user(user_id):
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return User.query.get(int(user_id))
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```
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### 2. Datenbank-Optimierungen (models.py)
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#### SQLite-Konfiguration für Raspberry Pi
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```python
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SQLALCHEMY_ENGINE_OPTIONS = {
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'pool_pre_ping': True,
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'pool_recycle': 300,
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'pool_size': 3, # Reduziert für Raspberry Pi
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'max_overflow': 2,
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'pool_timeout': 30,
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'connect_args': {
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'check_same_thread': False,
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'timeout': 30, # Längere Timeouts für SD-Karten
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'cached_statements': 100,
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'isolation_level': None,
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'sqlite_additional_pragmas': {
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'cache_size': -32000, # 32MB Cache (reduziert)
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'mmap_size': 134217728, # 128MB Memory-mapped I/O
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'page_size': 4096, # SD-Card optimiert
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'wal_autocheckpoint': 100, # Häufigere WAL-Checkpoints
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'max_wal_size': 33554432, # 32MB WAL-Limit
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'journal_mode': 'WAL',
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'synchronous': 'NORMAL',
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'temp_store': 'MEMORY',
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'foreign_keys': 'ON'
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## Frontend-Optimierungen
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### 1. CSS Performance-Optimierungen
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#### Entfernte Performance-Killer
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- ✅ **Backdrop-Filter**: `backdrop-filter: blur()` entfernt (sehr GPU-intensiv)
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- ✅ **Box-Shadows**: Komplexe Schatten-Effekte vereinfacht
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- ✅ **Transform-Animationen**: `transform: translateY/scale()` entfernt
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- ✅ **Will-Change Properties**: Entfernt (können auf schwacher Hardware schaden)
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- ✅ **Gradient-Effekte**: Durch solide Farben ersetzt
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#### Optimierte CSS-Dateien
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```css
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/* Raspberry Pi optimierte Hover-Effekte */
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.button:hover {
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background: var(--color-hover);
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transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
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/* Entfernt: transform, box-shadow, komplexe transitions */
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}
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/* Glassmorphism ersetzt durch solide Backgrounds */
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.glass-element {
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background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
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border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
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/* Entfernt: backdrop-filter für bessere Performance */
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}
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```
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#### Reduced Motion Support
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```css
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@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
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* {
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animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
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animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
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transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
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transform: none !important;
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. JavaScript-Optimierungen
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#### Performance Features
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```javascript
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// Debounce für Events
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MYP.debounce = function(func, wait) {
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let timeout;
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return function executedFunction(...args) {
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const later = () => {
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clearTimeout(timeout);
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func(...args);
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};
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clearTimeout(timeout);
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timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
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};
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};
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// Throttle für Scroll-Events
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MYP.throttle = function(func, limit) {
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let inThrottle;
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return function() {
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const args = arguments;
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const context = this;
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if (!inThrottle) {
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func.apply(context, args);
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inThrottle = true;
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setTimeout(() => inThrottle = false, limit);
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}
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}
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};
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```
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## Kiosk-Optimierungen
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### 1. Chromium-Optimierungen
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#### Raspberry Pi spezifische Flags
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```bash
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chromium-browser \
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--kiosk \
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--noerrdialogs \
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--disable-infobars \
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--disable-session-crashed-bubble \
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--disable-restore-session-state \
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--disable-dev-shm-usage \
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--disable-gpu-compositing \
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--enable-gpu-rasterization \
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--disable-smooth-scrolling \
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--disable-2d-canvas-image-chromium \
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--disable-accelerated-2d-canvas \
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--num-raster-threads=2 \
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--enable-zero-copy \
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--force-device-scale-factor=1.0 \
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--disable-pinch \
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--overscroll-history-navigation=0 \
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"$KIOSK_URL"
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```
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#### Chromium-Richtlinien
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```json
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{
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"DefaultBrowserSettingEnabled": false,
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"BackgroundModeEnabled": false,
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"BookmarkBarEnabled": false,
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"BrowserSignin": 0,
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"DefaultNotificationsSetting": 2,
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"PasswordManagerEnabled": false,
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"TranslateEnabled": false,
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"MetricsReportingEnabled": false
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}
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```
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### 2. Crash-Recovery-System
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# Kiosk-Restart-Loop
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while true; do
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# Chromium Preferences bereinigen
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PREFS_FILE="$HOME/.config/chromium/Default/Preferences"
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if [ -f "$PREFS_FILE" ]; then
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sed -i 's/"exited_cleanly":false/"exited_cleanly":true/' "$PREFS_FILE"
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sed -i 's/"exit_type":"Crashed"/"exit_type":"Normal"/' "$PREFS_FILE"
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fi
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chromium-browser [flags] "$KIOSK_URL"
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EXIT_CODE=$?
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# Bei normalem Exit nicht neustarten
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if [ $EXIT_CODE -eq 0 ] || [ $EXIT_CODE -eq 15 ]; then
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break
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fi
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# Bei Crash: Neustart nach 3 Sekunden
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sleep 3
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pkill -f chromium
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done
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```
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### 3. Display-Optimierungen
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#### Energiesparmodus deaktivieren
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```bash
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# X-Server Level
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echo 'xserver-command=X -s 0 -dpms' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
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# systemd-logind Level
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echo 'HandlePowerKey=ignore' >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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echo 'HandleSuspendKey=ignore' >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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echo 'HandleLidSwitch=ignore' >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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echo 'IdleAction=ignore' >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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# Application Level (im Kiosk-Skript)
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xset s off
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xset s noblank
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xset -dpms
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```
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## Monitoring und Wartung
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|
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### 1. Temperatur-Monitoring
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# /usr/local/bin/pi-temp-check
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TEMP=$(vcgencmd measure_temp | cut -d= -f2 | cut -d\' -f1)
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TIMESTAMP=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
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|
||||
echo "$TIMESTAMP - Temperature: ${TEMP}°C" >> /var/log/pi-temperature.log
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||||
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if (( $(echo "$TEMP > 70" | bc -l) )); then
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logger "WARNING: Raspberry Pi temperature is $TEMP°C"
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||||
fi
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|
||||
if (( $(echo "$TEMP > 80" | bc -l) )); then
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||||
logger "CRITICAL: Raspberry Pi temperature is $TEMP°C - Consider cooling!"
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||||
fi
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
#### Cron-Job für Monitoring
|
||||
```bash
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# Alle 5 Minuten Temperatur-Check
|
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*/5 * * * * root /usr/local/bin/pi-temp-check
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Performance-Metriken
|
||||
|
||||
#### System-Performance überwachen
|
||||
```bash
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# CPU und Memory Usage
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htop
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||||
|
||||
# Temperatur prüfen
|
||||
vcgencmd measure_temp
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||||
|
||||
# GPU Memory Check
|
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vcgencmd get_mem gpu
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||||
# Disk I/O überwachen
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iotop -a
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||||
# Netzwerk-Performance
|
||||
iftop
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application-Performance
|
||||
```bash
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||||
# Flask-Performance-Logs
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||||
tail -f logs/app/app.log
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||||
|
||||
# Database-Performance
|
||||
sqlite3 database/myp.db ".timer on" "PRAGMA cache_size;"
|
||||
|
||||
# SQLite-Optimierung
|
||||
sqlite3 database/myp.db "ANALYZE;"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Automatische Wartung
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tägliche Tasks
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Cache-Bereinigung (Cron)
|
||||
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup-cache.sh
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||||
|
||||
# Log-Rotation
|
||||
0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/myp-webapp
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wöchentliche Tasks
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Datenbank-Optimierung
|
||||
0 1 * * 0 sqlite3 /path/to/myp.db "VACUUM; ANALYZE;"
|
||||
|
||||
# System-Update mit Performance-Check
|
||||
0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/system-maintenance.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Installation und Verwendung
|
||||
|
||||
### Automatische Installation
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Vollständige Installation mit Performance-Optimierungen
|
||||
sudo ./setup.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Nur Performance-Optimierungen anwenden
|
||||
sudo ./setup.sh --performance-only
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Manuelle Konfiguration
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Kernel-Parameter anwenden
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-myp-performance.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Services deaktivieren
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl disable bluetooth cups avahi-daemon
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. tmpfs mounten
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo mount -a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Python-Optimierungen aktivieren
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
export PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
|
||||
export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
|
||||
### Häufige Probleme
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Hoher Speicherverbrauch
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Memory-Monitoring
|
||||
free -h
|
||||
sudo systemctl status myp-https
|
||||
|
||||
# Prozess-Analyse
|
||||
ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -10
|
||||
|
||||
# Log-Analyse
|
||||
tail -f logs/app/app.log
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Langsame Datenbankoperationen
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# SQLite-Performance prüfen
|
||||
sqlite3 database/myp.db ".timer on" "PRAGMA cache_size;"
|
||||
|
||||
# WAL-Modus prüfen
|
||||
sqlite3 database/myp.db "PRAGMA journal_mode;"
|
||||
|
||||
# Index-Optimierung
|
||||
sqlite3 database/myp.db "ANALYZE;"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. WLAN-Probleme
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# WLAN Power Save Status prüfen
|
||||
iwconfig wlan0 | grep "Power Management"
|
||||
|
||||
# WLAN Power Save manuell deaktivieren
|
||||
sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off
|
||||
|
||||
# NetworkManager neu starten
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Kiosk-Probleme
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Chromium-Prozesse prüfen
|
||||
ps aux | grep chromium
|
||||
|
||||
# X-Server neu starten
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart lightdm
|
||||
|
||||
# Display-Status prüfen
|
||||
tvservice -s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Performance-Erwartungen
|
||||
|
||||
### Erwartete Verbesserungen
|
||||
- **Ladezeit**: 40-60% Reduktion
|
||||
- **Speicherverbrauch**: 30-40% Reduktion
|
||||
- **CPU-Last**: 25-35% Reduktion
|
||||
- **Netzwerk-Traffic**: 50-70% Reduktion (durch Caching)
|
||||
- **Browser-Performance**: 60-80% weniger Frame-Drops
|
||||
|
||||
### Hardware-Empfehlungen
|
||||
- **RAM**: Mindestens 2GB (4GB empfohlen)
|
||||
- **SD-Karte**: Class 10 oder besser, mindestens 16GB
|
||||
- **Kühlung**: Aktive Kühlung bei Dauerbetrieb empfohlen
|
||||
- **Netzteil**: Offizielles Raspberry Pi Netzteil verwenden
|
||||
|
||||
### Kompatibilität
|
||||
|
||||
#### Getestete Raspberry Pi Modelle
|
||||
- ✅ Raspberry Pi 4 (empfohlen)
|
||||
- ✅ Raspberry Pi 3B+
|
||||
- ✅ Raspberry Pi 3B
|
||||
- ⚠️ Raspberry Pi 2 (eingeschränkt)
|
||||
- ❌ Raspberry Pi 1/Zero (nicht empfohlen)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Getestete Betriebssysteme
|
||||
- ✅ Raspberry Pi OS (Debian Bullseye/Bookworm)
|
||||
- ✅ Ubuntu Server 20.04+ für ARM
|
||||
- ✅ Debian 11+ ARM64
|
||||
|
||||
## Backup und Recovery
|
||||
|
||||
### Automatisches Backup
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Tägliches Backup mit Kompression
|
||||
0 1 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup-myp.sh --compress --performance-optimized
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Recovery-Prozess
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Schnelle Wiederherstellung
|
||||
sudo ./setup.sh --restore-from-backup --performance-mode
|
||||
|
||||
# Performance-Check nach Restore
|
||||
sudo ./setup.sh --performance-check
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Erweiterte Optimierungen
|
||||
|
||||
### Hardware-spezifisch
|
||||
- **SD-Karte**: Class 10 oder besser verwenden
|
||||
- **RAM**: Mindestens 2GB empfohlen für bessere Performance
|
||||
- **CPU**: Übertaktung wenn Kühlung ausreichend
|
||||
|
||||
### Netzwerk
|
||||
- **Ethernet**: Bevorzugt gegenüber WiFi
|
||||
- **QoS**: Traffic-Priorisierung für kritische Services
|
||||
- **DNS**: Lokaler DNS-Cache (unbound)
|
||||
|
||||
### Erweiterte Skalierung
|
||||
- **Redis**: Externes Caching für Skalierung
|
||||
- **nginx**: Reverse Proxy für statische Assets
|
||||
- **Load Balancer**: Mehrere Raspberry Pi für High Availability
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Quellen und Referenzen
|
||||
|
||||
- [Marco Pascucci - rPI Kiosk Tutorial](https://mpascucci.github.io/tutorial/rpi/)
|
||||
- [Thomas Krampe - Raspberry Pi Web-Kiosk](https://blog.kngstn.eu/article/2023-09-22-raspberrypi-als-web-kiosk/)
|
||||
- [Raspberry Pi Foundation Documentation](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/)
|
||||
- [Chromium Command Line Switches](https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**Status**: ✅ Produktionsreif
|
||||
**Letzte Aktualisierung**: Januar 2025
|
||||
**Version**: 4.0 (Konsolidiert)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user