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backend/docs/RASPBERRY_PI_OPTIMIERUNGEN.md
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# Raspberry Pi Kiosk-Optimierungen
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## Übersicht
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Das MYP Installationsskript wurde mit umfassenden Raspberry Pi spezifischen Optimierungen erweitert, basierend auf bewährten Praktiken aus der Community.
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## Quellen und Referenzen
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- [Marco Pascucci - rPI Kiosk Tutorial](https://mpascucci.github.io/tutorial/rpi/)
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- [Thomas Krampe - Raspberry Pi Web-Kiosk](https://blog.kngstn.eu/article/2023-09-22-raspberrypi-als-web-kiosk/)
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- Raspberry Pi Foundation Best Practices
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- Community-erprobte Kiosk-Konfigurationen
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## Implementierte Optimierungen
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### 1. Boot-Konfiguration (`/boot/config.txt`)
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```bash
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# GPU Memory Split für bessere Browser-Performance
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gpu_mem=128
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# Disable Rainbow Splash für professionelles Erscheinungsbild
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disable_splash=1
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# HDMI Force Hotplug für bessere Display-Kompatibilität
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hdmi_force_hotplug=1
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# Disable Overscan für Kiosk-Displays
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disable_overscan=1
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# Audio über HDMI aktivieren
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hdmi_drive=2
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Bessere Chromium-Performance durch mehr GPU-Speicher
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- ✅ Professioneller Boot ohne Raspberry Pi Logo
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- ✅ Zuverlässige HDMI-Erkennung
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- ✅ Vollbild-Nutzung ohne schwarze Ränder
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### 2. Kernel-Parameter (`/boot/cmdline.txt`)
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```bash
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# Console Blanking deaktivieren
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consoleblank=0
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# Logo deaktivieren für schnelleren Boot
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logo.nologo
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# Quiet Boot für saubere Kiosk-Erfahrung
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quiet
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Bildschirm bleibt immer aktiv
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- ✅ Schnellerer Boot-Prozess
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- ✅ Keine störenden Boot-Meldungen
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### 3. WLAN Power Management
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#### Systemd-Service
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```bash
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# Automatische Deaktivierung bei jedem Boot
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systemctl enable disable-wifi-power-management.service
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```
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#### NetworkManager-Konfiguration
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```bash
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# Globale WLAN Power Save Deaktivierung
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wifi.powersave = 2
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```
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**Problem gelöst:**
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- ❌ `wlan0: carrier lost` Fehler
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- ❌ Intermittierende Netzwerkverbindung
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- ❌ Kiosk-Unterbrechungen durch WLAN-Standby
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### 4. Erweiterte Chromium-Optimierungen
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#### Raspberry Pi spezifische Flags
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```bash
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--disable-gpu-compositing
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--enable-gpu-rasterization
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--disable-smooth-scrolling
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--disable-2d-canvas-image-chromium
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--disable-accelerated-2d-canvas
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--num-raster-threads=2
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--enable-zero-copy
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--force-device-scale-factor=1.0
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--disable-pinch
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--overscroll-history-navigation=0
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```
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#### Chromium-Richtlinien (`/etc/chromium-browser/policies/managed/`)
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```json
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{
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"DefaultBrowserSettingEnabled": false,
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"BackgroundModeEnabled": false,
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"BookmarkBarEnabled": false,
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"BrowserSignin": 0,
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"DefaultNotificationsSetting": 2,
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"PasswordManagerEnabled": false,
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"TranslateEnabled": false,
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"MetricsReportingEnabled": false
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}
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Optimierte Performance auf ARM-Hardware
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- ✅ Reduzierte CPU/GPU-Last
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- ✅ Deaktivierte störende Browser-Features
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- ✅ Kiosk-optimierte Benutzeroberfläche
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### 5. Crash-Recovery-System
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#### Chromium Restart-Loop
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```bash
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while true; do
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chromium-browser [flags] "$KIOSK_URL"
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EXIT_CODE=$?
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# Bei normalem Exit nicht neustarten
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if [ $EXIT_CODE -eq 0 ] || [ $EXIT_CODE -eq 15 ]; then
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break
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fi
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# Bei Crash: Neustart nach 3 Sekunden
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sleep 3
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pkill -f chromium
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done
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```
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#### Chromium Preferences Bereinigung
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```bash
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# Crash-Flags vor jedem Start bereinigen
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sed -i 's/"exited_cleanly":false/"exited_cleanly":true/' Preferences
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sed -i 's/"exit_type":"Crashed"/"exit_type":"Normal"/' Preferences
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Automatischer Neustart bei Browser-Crashes
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- ✅ Keine "Chromium didn't shut down correctly" Meldungen
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- ✅ Unterbrechungsfreier Kiosk-Betrieb
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### 6. Temperatur-Monitoring
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#### Automatisches Monitoring
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```bash
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# Alle 5 Minuten Temperatur-Check
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*/5 * * * * root /usr/local/bin/pi-temp-check
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```
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#### Warnungen und Logging
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- **70°C+**: Warnung in Logs
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- **80°C+**: Kritische Warnung + Syslog
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- Kontinuierliche Aufzeichnung in `/var/log/pi-temperature.log`
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Frühwarnung bei Überhitzung
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- ✅ Präventive Wartung möglich
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- ✅ Langzeit-Temperaturverlauf
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### 7. Performance-Optimierungen
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#### Kernel-Parameter
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```bash
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# Swappiness reduzieren
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vm.swappiness=10
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# Dirty Ratio optimieren
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vm.dirty_ratio=15
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vm.dirty_background_ratio=5
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```
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#### Hardware-Erkennung
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```bash
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# Automatische Pi-Erkennung
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if grep -q "Raspberry Pi" /proc/cpuinfo; then
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# Pi-spezifische Optimierungen aktivieren
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fi
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Bessere I/O-Performance
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- ✅ Reduzierte SD-Karten-Belastung
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- ✅ Optimierte Speicherverwaltung
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### 8. Multiple Autostart-Methoden
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#### 1. LXDE Autostart (Klassisch)
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```bash
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# ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE-pi/autostart
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@bash /home/kiosk/start-kiosk.sh
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```
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#### 2. Desktop Autostart (Modern)
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```bash
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# ~/.config/autostart/myp-kiosk.desktop
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[Desktop Entry]
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Type=Application
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Exec=/bin/bash /home/kiosk/start-kiosk.sh
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```
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#### 3. Systemd Service (Robust)
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```bash
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# /lib/systemd/system/kiosk.service
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[Service]
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ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/kiosk/start-kiosk.sh
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Mehrfache Absicherung
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- ✅ Kompatibilität mit verschiedenen Desktop-Umgebungen
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- ✅ Fallback-Mechanismen
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### 9. Energiesparmodus-Deaktivierung
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#### X-Server Level
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```bash
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# LightDM Konfiguration
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xserver-command=X -s 0 -dpms
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```
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#### systemd-logind Level
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```bash
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# Alle Power-Events ignorieren
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HandlePowerKey=ignore
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HandleSuspendKey=ignore
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HandleLidSwitch=ignore
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IdleAction=ignore
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```
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#### Application Level
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```bash
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# In Kiosk-Skript
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xset s off
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xset s noblank
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xset -dpms
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```
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**Vorteile:**
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- ✅ Bildschirm bleibt permanent aktiv
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- ✅ Keine ungewollten Standby-Modi
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- ✅ 24/7 Kiosk-Betrieb möglich
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## Wartung und Monitoring
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### Neue Wartungstools
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```bash
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# Raspberry Pi spezifische Checks
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myp-maintenance check-health
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# Temperatur-Monitoring
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tail -f /var/log/pi-temperature.log
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# WLAN Power Management Status
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iwconfig wlan0 | grep "Power Management"
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```
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### Troubleshooting
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#### WLAN-Probleme
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```bash
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# WLAN Power Save manuell deaktivieren
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sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off
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# NetworkManager neu starten
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sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
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```
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#### Performance-Probleme
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```bash
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# GPU Memory Check
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vcgencmd get_mem gpu
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# Temperatur Check
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vcgencmd measure_temp
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# Chromium-Prozesse prüfen
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ps aux | grep chromium
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```
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#### Display-Probleme
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```bash
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# HDMI-Status prüfen
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tvservice -s
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# X-Server neu starten
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sudo systemctl restart lightdm
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```
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## Kompatibilität
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### Getestete Raspberry Pi Modelle
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- ✅ Raspberry Pi 4 (empfohlen)
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- ✅ Raspberry Pi 3B+
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- ✅ Raspberry Pi 3B
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- ⚠️ Raspberry Pi 2 (eingeschränkt)
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- ❌ Raspberry Pi 1/Zero (nicht empfohlen)
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### Getestete Betriebssysteme
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- ✅ Raspberry Pi OS (Debian Bullseye/Bookworm)
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- ✅ Ubuntu Server 20.04+ für ARM
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- ✅ Debian 11+ ARM64
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## Best Practices
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### Hardware-Empfehlungen
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- **RAM**: Mindestens 2GB (4GB empfohlen)
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- **SD-Karte**: Class 10, mindestens 16GB
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- **Kühlung**: Aktive Kühlung bei Dauerbetrieb
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- **Netzteil**: Offizielles Pi-Netzteil verwenden
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### Konfiguration-Tipps
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- GPU Memory auf 128MB+ setzen
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- Hochwertige SD-Karte verwenden
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- Regelmäßige Temperatur-Überwachung
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- Backup der Boot-Konfiguration
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### Wartung
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- Monatliche Temperatur-Log-Auswertung
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- Quartalsweise SD-Karten-Gesundheitscheck
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- Jährliche Neuinstallation bei Dauerbetrieb
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---
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**Status**: ✅ Produktionsreif
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**Letzte Aktualisierung**: $(date +%Y-%m-%d)
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**Version**: 3.0 (Raspberry Pi Optimiert)
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## Referenzen
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- [Marco Pascucci Tutorial](https://mpascucci.github.io/tutorial/rpi/)
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- [Thomas Krampe Blog](https://blog.kngstn.eu/article/2023-09-22-raspberrypi-als-web-kiosk/)
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- [Raspberry Pi Documentation](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/)
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- [Chromium Command Line Switches](https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/)
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